Essay on Population & Wealth of Nations

"Essay on Population" by Thomas Malthus

• food necessary
• man & woman need relationships
• ratio stay same (people to population)
• can't overgrow
• nature will correct itself
• pop. increases geometrically & mathematically
• human pop. increases most
• doubles every 25 years
• no check in pop. = overgrowth
• death rate increases
• impossible not to reproduce
• european pop. = more kids
• native american pop. = miscarraiges (women = slaves)
• more food = pop. increases
• barbarian pop. fight w/ each other = balanced pop.
• england poor laws
• children dieing
• money 4 poor not helping
• always be poor
• pop. increase = less food 4 poor
• good intentions
• blame leaders
• healthy countries increase pop.
• Mexico, Spain, etc. high pop. w/ taxes & tyranny
• more room = more support
• natural disasters frequently affect pop.
• North American colonies rapid pop. growth
• Dutch / French colonies worst gov.
• pop. increase faster than food = famine
• harsh seasons = poor quality or no food
• plague = great increase in pop. = greater increase in pop. - surplus food
• famine & sickness = checks

"Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith

• working = money to spend
• surplus produce = purchase needed stuff
• judgement and skill of labor
• number of people working
• kids disposed of
• those who can't work get free stuff
• labor bad = low production
• small groups = small production
• more supplies needed = more people = more separate groups
• less educated = working more
• don't need to know trade
• more goods made
• more wealth
• better products
• private land = landlord gets products pf labor
• every worker needs a master
• sometimes workman is own master
• rent = cost of use of land
• better land = higher rent
• easy profit for landlord
• demands rent even when land's not improved
• improved land = higher rent
• renting = monopoly game
• people took up land but didn't divide it up
• when land thought of as entertainment, it should be split between everyone in family
• when land thought of as more than entertainment, it should ALL be given to ONE person
• landlords like kings & every other form of government
• land given to landlord's children, like a monarchy
• prefer to give land to male kids
• if qualities equal, then oldest child receives land (because oldest usually is most educated) through lineal succession
• written laws out of date but still in use
• right of primogeniture states that 1st owner of patch of land will always own that land unless sold or taken by gov.
• purpose of law of primogeniture is to secure lineal succession of owners of patch of land according to owner's choices
• if land stays in family, gov. gets more money from property taxes
• after fall of roman empire people came from all over
• increase in taxes
• tax for protection (annual poll tax)
• pay fee to king to work on farms (pay commission)

Unit 1 Exam Outlines

1. Plato & Aristotle Outline

A. Intro/Restate Question
B. Plato

1. Background/Academy
2. Republic
3. Ideas of Tyranny
4. Ideas of Rulers
5. Ideas of Government

C. Aristotle

1. Background
2. Politics
3. Ideas on Tyranny
4. Ideas of Government
5. Ideas of rulers and subjects
6. Ideas on science

D. Comparison of the two

E. Conclusion w/ summary

2. Greek & roman Society Outline

A. Greek

1. Intro
2. Athens
3. Sparta
4. Polis System
5. Pericles Influence

B. Rome

1. Intro
2. 1st monarchy-king Romulus
3. estruscans driven out - race publica (people's government)
4. Centuriate Assembly: 193 groups (centuries) -95 poor, 98 rich (poor always lost)
5. SPQR - Hierarchy - 2 consuls, praetor, aedile, senate, & Qaestors
6. 2 social classes; plebians and patricians
7. Conflict of Orders
8. Tribal Assembly - 36 tribes (both rich and poor together)
9. New social plan - Dignitas & Gloria = Auctoritas

C. Comparison

1. Citizenships
2. Government bodies
3. Offices
4. Political changes
5. Eventual outcomes (conclusion sentence/topic)

3. American Revolution Outline

A. French & Indian War

• start in 1754
• 7 years war
• colonies & england vs. france & native americans
• ended on February 10 1763 with the Treaty of Paris of 1763
• Britain in debt by 140 million pounds
• Proclamation of 1763
• Western boundary (Appalacian Mountains)
• west=Native Americans

B. Taxes

• Sugar Act / Revenue Act (1764 on molasses, silk, wine, etc.)
• Stamp Act (February 1765 on documents) - Great Britain repelled tax later

C. Boston Massacre / Townshend Acts

• all taxes repelled except on tea (1770)
• Boston Massacre (March 5 1770)
• 11 injured, 5 dead (Crispus Atticks)

D. Boston Tea Party / Coercive Acts

• Boston Tea Party (December 16 1773)
• dumped 10,000 pounds worth (90,000 lbs) of tea into Boston Harbor
• March 18 1774 (Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts)
• British soldiers could be housed in any colonists' house

E. Paul Revere's Ride/Lexington/Concord

• 1 by land 2 by sea
• 1 dollar = 1/2 pound
• shot heard round the world (Lexington)
• April 19 1775
• Concord started beginning of Revo,lutionary War

F. Common Sense

• January 10, 1776 (first published) by Thomas Paine

• 500,000 copies first year

• anti-Britain ideas

G. Declaration of Independence

• written mostly by Thomas Jefferson from June 11 - June 28 1776
• July 4 1776
• individual rights
• helped spark French Revolution

H. Battles

• Fort Ticonderoga (May 10 1775)
• Bunker Hill (June 17 1775) colonists lost
• Trenton (December 26 1776 defeated British (1st victory)
• Valley forge (1777-1778) hard winter. much suffering training, many died
• Yorktown (May 20 1781) last battle of Revolution
• forced Brits to surrender with help of French ground and naval forces

I. Treaty of Paris / Aftermath

• Treaty of Paris of 1783
• marked end of war officially
• brought peace between Britain, France, Spain, America, & Netherlands
• Britain recovered, France didn't and had their own revolution
• U.S. Constitution
• legislative, judicial, executive
• September 17 1787
• amended 27 times
• first 10 amendments (Bill of Rights)

Declaration of the Rights of Man

1. All men have the same rights and special privaledges are given when the citizens agree to it.

2. The people in politics try to keep man's natural rights in tact.

3. The nation's government has the power and no one can use that power unless directly through the nation's government.

4. A man's natural rights cannot be denied unless they are harming someone else's natural rights.

5. Laws can only stop things that may harm the community. Anything that isn't illegal cannot be stopped.

6. Every citizen has that right to participate in the government. Every citizen also has an equal right to run for office.

7. No one can be arrested except when it is under the law. Anybody who breaks a law will be punished.

8. Punishments for broken laws can only be given when necessary and legal.

9. Everyone is innocent until proven guilty.

10. People have freedom of speech as long as it doesn't break any other laws.

11. People have freedom of speech and press unless they abuse their freedom.

12. Military forces are required to protect the rights of man and of the citizens.

13. Everyone shall be taxed in proportion to their means.

14. Everyone has the right to decide how much taxes are and how they are used.

15. By law, every public agent must have an administrative account.

16. A nation where the laws aren't enforced, there are no set of laws.

17. Since owning land is a special right, no one shall be deprived of this right unless public necessity clearly needs it.

This image uses images from Christian religions (angels). Along with the pyramid with an eye in the middle. This reminds me of the United States Constitution where it lists the amendments. This image is trying to show that the Declaration of the Rights of Man is such an important document it's like it was etched in stone.