Term Definitions - World War II

Invasion of Poland:
The event that triggered the start of World War II. Germany invaded Poland, thus breaking the Versailles Treaty for yet another time. This time, though, Britain and France decided to take action against Germany.

Blitzkrieg:
The manuever Germany used to quickly invade and attack Poland leading to an all out war.

Nazi-soviet Nonaggression Pact:
This pact was signed between Stalin and Hitler to declare an alliance between Germany and the Soviet Union.

Tripartite Pact:
The Pact signed by the leaders of Germany, Italy, and Japan to form the alliance known as the Axis Powers that worked to try and defeat the Allied Powers in World War II.

Anti Comintern Pact:
The pact signed between Germany and Japan which would lead to violating the Nazi-soviet Nonaggression Pact by going against the Soviet Union.

Operation Barbarossa:
This was the event where Germany attacked the Soviet Union and violated the Nazi-soviet Nonaggression Pact.

Winston Churchill:
Represented Great Britain throughout most of World War II.

Atlantic Charter:
The result of a meeting between Churchill and Roosevelt where they originally planned to plan military tactics for the war.

Pearl Harbor:
The site of the United States naval fleet on Oahu, Hawaii. It is the site where Japan bombed the United States, thus declaring war, even though their official declaration of war hadn't been received until after the bombing.

D-Day:
This was the name given to the first day the Allied Powers landed in Normandy to fight the Nazi army during World War II. This was also the first victory for the Allied Powers in World War II.

Stalingrad:
The was a battle fought between the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union. It was located in Stalingrad, Russia and some say it was the turning point of the war.

Midway:
This was another major naval battle fought between Japan and the United States that resulted in greatly hurting the Japanese milatary.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki:
These are the events where the United States dropped nuclear bombs on Japan. The first bombed was dropped on Hiroshima and the second on Nagasaki 3 days later. After both bombings, Japan didn't surrender for another 4 days.

Robert Oppenheimer:
Nicknamed the "Father of the Atomic Bomb" and was one of the lead scientists working on the Manhattan Project, the New Mexico based project working on creating the atomic bomb.

Yalta Conference:
This was a meeting between Russia, Great Britain, and the United States where they discussed how to deal with the European countries after the war, mainly the countries taken over by Germany.

F.D.R:
The only United States president to be elected for more than two terms. He was president during World War II and tried to keep the United States out of the war until Japan declared war at Pearl Harbor.

Dwight D. Eisenhower:
He was Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers during World War II and later became president of the United States.

NATO:
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military organization made up of collective defense.

Warsaw Pact:
The pact that formed an alliance between communist states and was signed in Warsaw, Poland. It was created as a response to West Germany joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Term Definitions

Appeasement:
The policy in which one or more countries gives into another country's demands so that they won't get mad and start another war.

League of Nations:
The organization formed at the end of World War I and the Paris Peace Conference. The idea was mostly President Wilson's, but the United States never joined. During the time between World War I and World War II, the League of Nations faile dto do its job in preventing conflicts and preventing particular countries from taking over.

Colletive Security:
The idea where a number of countries would ally together for a more peaceful Europe.

Neville Chamberlain:
He was the Prime Minister of Great Britain and dealt with the agreements and appeasment of Germany. His dealing with Hitler led to the Munich Conference and Munich Agreement.

Remilitarization of the Rhineland:
Germany remilitarized the Rhineland a year earlier than what was planned for the rest of the countries. This remilitarization violated the Versailles Treaty, but the League of Nations did nothing what-so-ever to prevent it.

Anschluss:
The annexation of Austria by Germany where Germany incorporated Austria as its own.

Lebensraum:
Germany believed that they were entitled to the land of Czechoslovakia and demanded to take it back under German control.

Austrian Nazi Party:
A political party in Austria that combined with the German Nazi Party to create a more powerful Germany.

Austrian Plebiscite:
A vote taken by the Austrian people on whether they wanted to be under Austrian or German or power. The vote ended up being for Austrian power in the end.

Kurt Schuschnigg:
Chancellor of Austria who administered the Austrian Plebiscite and dealt with Hitler during the Anschluss.

Abyssiania Crisis:
Started by the Walwal incident, a conflict betweem Italy and Ethiopia. Italy took over Ethiopia, the League of Nations tried to do something, but they didnt want trouble and let it happen. This led to the alliance between Germany and Italy.

Sudetenland:
The region owned by Czechoslovakia after Germany lost the land in the aftermath of World War I. Germany ended up taking over the Sudetenland, but created more troubled when they tried to take over all of Czechoslovakia.

Munich Agreement:
The agreement signed at the Munich Conference stating that Germany could have the Sudetenland in exchange for no more demands in land. The conference was held between Germany, France, Great Britain, and Italy. Ironically, Czechoslovakia was not invited.

Lenin's Death & Aftermath

Task One:

1. Lenin led the Bolsheviks into power and started the rise of communism.
2. The revolution would face having to continue with their revolution without their leader/role model Lenin to help them through it and face the new role of Trotsky in the near future.
3. Lenin's death and Trotsky's takeover kept the revolution going while Robespierre's death led to a drop in morale and the end of the French Revolution.
4. I don't think the revolution would have been such a success without Lenin, but a revolution was going to happen eventually, with or without Lenin. I think that a Trotsky or Stalinist revolt would have been a lot different and been bad for the good of Russian society.

Task Two:

1. He is afraid of his country falling apart because the other members of the C.C. who can take his place, he does not approve of, especially Stalin and Trotsky who are the main candidates for his position.
2. He doesn't like Trotsky because he thinks that Trotsky is too self-assured and preoccupied. I think that Trotsky would have made thinks worse for the Bolshevik party.
3. He thinks that Stalin is rude and intolerable. Stalin also would be bad as a leader because he would not be able to think about the people he is leading.
4. I think Lenin was favoring Bukharin to take his place in the leading position. Presonally, I would have chosen someone to choose for me but both Bukharin and Pyatakov seem like they would be semi-good candidates because of their good qualities.

World War I Propaganda

This piece of propaganda is from the UK. It is trying to convince people that the war isn't as bad as they think and that they will have fun playing sports and that kind of stuff in the army, which is untrue.

Wilson's 14 Points

Cartoon Interpretation: I believe the cartoon is trying to portray how Engalnd, Japan, European powers, and other foreign powers are fighting over the USA's power as an ally. The ties holding down the USA also represent the League of Nations created by President Wilson, but the USA never actually joined the League of Nations.

1. This would help because international business would not be behind closed doors and America would be able to be at peace with the rest of the world.

2. People will be able to freely travel mostly wherever they want on means of water and not be faulted.

3. If economic barriers are destroyed, then not one country would be in poverty while another has surplus. Everyone would have equal trading rights and be in the same national low poverty rate.

4. ???

5. Countries will be able to peacefully determine what countries rule over what colonies.

6. Russia will stay out of disputes until they are ready on their part to aid. They will also most likely aid the USA when they need the help with the help they given Russia previously.

7. All foreign powers will leave Belgium and let Beligium restore itself and create a better government for itself. This will help America by creating a stronger ally.

8. All foriegn powers will leave France and restore FRench land that has been invaded, such as Alsace-Lorraine, to help create a better/strong/united ally for america.

9. Italian borders will be clearly defined.

10. Citizens of Austria-Hungary will be treated more fairly.

11. All foreign powers will leave Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. Serbia can freely travel the sea.

12. Turkish people of Ottomon Empire will be given safe governing. Peoples under Turkish rule with be given security of life and autonomous development. The Dardanelles will be open for free travel and trade.

13. a polish state should be created and have a free and safe route to the sea.

14. A league of nations shuold be created to regulate rules and agreements between foreign countries.

The Great War 1914-1918

People:
Gen. Blackjack Pershing
Limies
M.P.
Huns
Krauts
Amputee
Pacifists
Basket Case
Enemy
The Red Baron
Goldbrick
Air Ace
Infantry
Doughboys
Czar
C.O.
Draftee
AEF
Corpse
Wilson
Kaiser
Swabby
Cavalry
Slacker
War industries Board
Lousy
French Postcards
K.P.

Events:
Rape of Belgium
War Revenue Act
Espionage & Sedition Acts
Lusitania
Armistice
Furlough
War Bonds
Liberty Bonds

Ideas:
Nationalism
Democracy
Militarism
Neutrality
Totalitarian
Wheatless Mondays
Meatless Tuesdays
Porkless Saturday
Balance of Power
Liberty
Bravery
Peace
Self-Determination
Territorial Integrity
Patriotism
Preparedness
Propaganda

Weapons:
Mustard Gas
Machine Gun
Bomb
U-Boats
Barbed Wire
Blimp
Submarine
Torpedo
Tank
Airplane
Battle
Blockade
Artillery
Sacrifice
Assassination
Invasion
Powderkeg
Parachute
Mobilization
No Man's Land
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Trench Warfare
Alliances
Khaki
Bunker
Over the Top
Stalemate
Homefront
Dud
Dog Fight

Diseases:
Syphilis
Shell Shock
Cooties
Trench Mouth

Red Tape

More Slang/Lyrics from Army Songs:
War Bread
Dog Tag
Chow
Liberty Cabbage
Liberty Steaks
French Kiss
Civvies
"Over There"
"I Didn't Raise My Boy to be a Soldier"
"Oui, Oui, Marie"
"Goodbye Broadway Hello France"

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

The first difference between the accounts was about how the plan to kill the archduke was concocted. The video shows us that Princip was the main mastermind of the plan. The People's Almanac tells us that it was concocted when 3 students were turned in to an official for planning some stunt against the archduke, the officer coincidentally being a leader of the Black Hand.

The second difference between the two is that the People's Almanac said that the Austrian government found out about the plan and had warned the archduke himself. In the video, no one had any idea that there was a plot to do anything concerning the archduke Frans Ferdinand.

A third difference between the accounts is that in the video they knew that they failed at assassinating the archduke when planned. In the almanac reference, they thought that they had succeeded in killing Frans Ferdinand and went to celebrate.

A fourth difference between the accounts would be how the parade ended up passing Princip at the coffee shop. The video showed them taking a wrong turn and trying to turn around. The almanac explained that they were going the way planned but decided to turn around to head toward the hospital to visit the injured officer.

The fifth difference I noticed was how Princip managed to kill the archduke and his wife. The video showed Princip pulling out his revolver and firing two or three shots at them from a distance, killing the archduke's wife instantly and the archduke died an hour or two later. The People's Almanac excerpt said that Princip walked up to the car and a shot the archduke who died 15 minutes after being shot. He then aimed at the officer but the officer grabbed his arm, screwing up his aim, making him accidentally shoot the archduke's wife.

A depiction of how Princip supposedly ran up to the archduke's caravan a shot both the archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife Sophie Chotek.

Motives for British Imperlialism

1. Slavery was declining because it was starting to seem immoral. They thought that the right thing to do would be to free the slaves. This effected British imperialism by bringing a little, tiny, miniscule, microscopic bit of peace to Britain. Also, they had to pay people to work now that slaves were gone, forcing them to raise the taxes and prices of goods and also forcing them to get goods from other countries like India.

2. Halstead believed that industry and trade did not have an affect on British imperialism because imperialism was just another method of foreign policy while industry and trade were the bases of British power. I somewhat agree, that imperialism was another method of foreign policy, but industry and trade must have something to do with imperialism in some way.

3. Halstead was a supporter of British imperialism, saying that it would only cause more good and less problems. Others believed that British imperialism would make life worse and hurt society.

4. Halstead's final reasonings were that "British imperialism during the period of the 'ew imperialism' was motivated by
several factors: national security, protecting free trade, protecting commercial routes,
competition for markets and spheres of influence, settlement, colonization, diplomacy, and
ideology."

The White Man's Burden

1. I think that "the white man's burden" is the westerners job to aide the less fortunate and 'uncivilized' peoples and nations. They believed it was their responsibilty to help them in any way possible; make them more civilized and self-sifficient.

2. Kipling justifies imperialism because the westerners are actually helping the supposedly 'uncivilized' peoples, even when it doesn't seem like they are. But it's not all justified because he calls the peoples "half devil and half child," meaning that he considers them to be savages, but still human.

3. The justification seems apealing because most people are willing to accept favors and help from other people, which is exactly what the westerners are bringing. The westerners seem like heroes because they are willing to lose their lives to help the 'unclivilized' peoples.

4. Religion was used as a justification because it is something most people can all relate too. Almost all people, regarless of how much money they have, their capitalistic ideals, their moral values, or their political stature, all followed a religion or its followers. Religion is also a good debating topic because so many people have so many strong views that make it a good justification to use.